The Test Of Emotional Intelligence Test - 1440 Words

Reflection Paper It is always an eye opener to learn something about yourself that you did not know. I found the results of the quizzes to be very interesting. The first test was a test on how you read people. We would like to think that we can look at someone and decide not only their mood but also if they are a good person or not, but is that always the case? The second test was an emotional intelligence test. It evaluates such things as self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. Through taking both of these tests, it gives tools to better yourself. In the first test, How Well Do You Read Other People?, it gives you a series of faces and you are supposed to decide what their mood is. I have always†¦show more content†¦When looking at the Emotional Intelligence Test, it gives you a series of questions and evaluates you in Page 2 different categories based on your answers. The four quadrants are self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. My scores for the Emotional Intelligence Test were as follows; Self-awareness 6 Self-Management 5 Social Awareness 7 Relationship Management 4 After reading the descriptions of the quadrants it, it shows both strength and weaknesses I have and gives me an idea of what I need to work on or adjust to help me become more successful. The first category is self-awareness. It is made up of three competencies; they are emotional self-awareness, accurate self-assessment, and self-confidence. These sub-categories allow you to be critically self-reflective, which helps in improving yourself. In this categories I only got a six out of ten which leads me to believe that my emotions play a part in my work and personal life, and that I need to work on recognizing how to read and understand my emotions. It also shows I may be unrealistic about my personal evaluation of my strengths and weaknesses. And lastly, that I may not recognize my own positive self-worth. I think my strength in this category is my self-confidence. As I may not always allot for it, I do know I have self-worth. I am confident in my work abilities and that shows, it also shows that I am less confident in my personal life. My weakness in

The Meaning of Images in Mass Media Advertising - 1040 Words

The intended meaning of any particular image in an advertisement today must be determined individually and could be defined with any degree of varying specificity. One could look at a single photo ad in a particular magazine; they could examine the entire national collection of automotive television commercials. On could also broaden and generalize their analysis o include all media advertizing that uses images, In such a writing as that, it is important to understand that the author does not intend to include every specific instance of image advertizing in his or her analysis. For example, in this paper the author will be using the world of mass media advertising as his subject. Certainly there will be some ads that fall outside of this†¦show more content†¦Often in conjunction with said immoral sexualization is a masculine form dominating the scene, usually standing above the woman. One ad even showed a woman at the bottom of a staircase with the man standing on the top la nding looking down at her. The purpose of this gross moral practice is again shock value. The average American sees literally thousands of ads every day and an advertiser will do anything he or she can to make his or her ad get noticed it the swarm. Besides clothing and style advertisements though there is the world of pharmaceutical marketing. Possibly one of the more malignant forms of manipulation in the media today is the ads put forth by these corporations. They use manipulative techniques like showing a sad exhausted migraine-afflicted mother unable to play with her children. They then offer an answer to her troubles. Their medicine, it can cure her and allow her the family time she deserves. This type of familial psychological manipulation is highly prevalent in the magazine and television ads of today. 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Comprehensive Model of Interpersonal

Question: Discuss about the Comprehensive Model of Interpersonal. Answer: Introduction: The meteorological analogy given by Mr. Andy Grove, Chairman of Intel focuses on the sheer power of the internet on the e-commerce businesses. The usage of the various social networking platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn, the e-commerce business can implement a strong marketing strategy to reach more number of customers. These platforms are also accessible to the businesses with no or minimal costs, which in turn allows the marketing costs to be minimal. The usage of these social networking platforms also allows the e-commerce businesses to find new customer base along with potential funding. This in turn allows the business to grow significantly. The e-commerce business can also utilize the concept of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) to enhance its visibility on various search engines over the internet. This allows the business to gain a lot of popularity at low costs. Other than the generic concepts of Search Engine Optimization and social networking sites, the e-commerce business can implement individual marketing strategies. These allow the organization to send mails to individual customers to notify about various products, offers and promotions (Paravastu, 2016). This in turn allows the organization to gain a lot of popularity in the corresponding industry. The presence of the e-commerce organization over the internet allows the organization to focus more on the marketing and delivery activities by maintaining small or no physical stores. The usage of these internet technologies lead to the rapid growth of the organization. The business environment of an e-commerce business contains much more variables and uncertainties, which both affect and get affected by the operations of the e-commerce business. The strategy of the e-commerce business should focus on the effective management of these influential factors present in the business environment. The operations of the e-commerce business will be affected by the presence of other e-commerce businesses providing similar products and services. The e-commerce business should focus on gaining competitive advantages over the competitors through attracting more number of customers through various promotional offers and loyalty programs. The economic condition of the corresponding industry is also an influential factor for the business operations of the e-commerce business. The organization should implement effective market analysis strategies to have effective market sensitive operations, which allows the changes in the corresponding market conditions to be chec ked by the business operations as soon as possible (Payaro, 2016). The e-commerce business should also look out for the popularity of the various social networking platforms and search engines present over the internet to develop strategies to effectively utilize these resources. The e-commerce business should also implement strategies to ensure that the changes in the market trends are recorded through efficient surveys and questionnaires carried out on the social networking platforms and search engines available over the internet. The e-commerce business should also focus on collecting feedback and opinions of the customers on the products and services. This in turn allows the organization to have proper insights into the effects of the business operations on the business environment. References Paravastu, N., Ramanujan, S. and Ratnasingam, P., 2016. Role of Trust in Ecommerce: A Comprehensive Model of Interpersonal Payaro, A. and Papa, A.R., 2016, June. Products suitable for ecommerce. A proposed model for click and bricks companies. In 4 th International Conference on Contemporary Marketing Issues ICCMI June 22-24, 2016 Heraklion, Greece (p. 115).

To Disclose or to Not Disclose Nursing and the Ethics of Nondisclosure in the Dying Patient Essay Example

To Disclose or to Not Disclose: Nursing and the Ethics of Nondisclosure in the Dying Patient Essay To Disclose or To Not Disclose: Nursing and the Ethics of Nondisclosure in the Dying Patient Kally L. Price Samuel Merritt University Abstract In nursing, the practice of nondisclosure is an ethical issue that calls into question the founding principles of trust, integrity, and autonomy in the nurse-patient relationship. Although the decision of nondisclosure to the terminal patient is the physicians, the nurse must follow and support this decision. The right of the patient to have control over their own healthcare information, and their right to know their diagnosis and prognosis and make treatment decisions are supported by the American Hospital Association, The Patient Self Determination Act, which requires education on advanced directives, Californias 2008 Terminal Patients’ Right to Know End-of-Life Options Act, and by the practices of obtaining informed consent before any procedure/surgery (Cochella Pederson, 2003, Krisman-Scott, 2000). The dying patient deserves the right to know their condition so they can make preparations (financial, spiritual and personal and interpersonal) for death and make appropriate treatment decisions. To Disclose or To Not Disclose: Nursing and the Ethics of Nondisclosure in the Dying Patient i. Introduction In medical practice, disclosure refers to the physicians act of revealing a diagnosis, treatment options, risks, and prognosis to the patient. Therapeutic nondisclosure (sometimes called therapeutic privilege) is the act of a physician withholding a diagnosis or prognosis because the patient is perceived to be psychologically or emotionally incapable of coping with the news. Therapeutic nondisclosure can also refer to the withholding of a diagnosis or prognosis for other reasons, such as familial request, which often involves cultural considerations. (Goldberg, McCabe, Wood, 2009) In Okens 1961 study of 218 physicians, 90% did not disclose cancer diagnoses to patients. We will write a custom essay sample on To Disclose or to Not Disclose: Nursing and the Ethics of Nondisclosure in the Dying Patient specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To Disclose or to Not Disclose: Nursing and the Ethics of Nondisclosure in the Dying Patient specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To Disclose or to Not Disclose: Nursing and the Ethics of Nondisclosure in the Dying Patient specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The ethical principle of nonmaleficence, to not cause harm, might guide the physicians decision to not disclose a patients terminal status (Black Chitty, 2011). For centuries, physicians believed that disclosure of the terminal nature of an illness would cause the patients condition to decline (Krisman-Scott, 2000). However, Kubler-Ross and Glaser and Strauss methodically studied dying patients and found that while the patients first reaction to a terminal diagnosis is adverse, it later shifts to a more positive view. Additionally, Feifels 1960s study of 60 dying patients found that 82% would like to be made aware about their health information and diagnosis (Krisman-Scott, 2000). ii. Thesis The nurses relationship with the patient is based on trust. In the Gallup poll for the last 8 years, nurses were selected as the most trustworthy professionals (Jones, 2009), showing that American society on the whole trusts nurses. When a nurse is caring for a terminal patient, the nurse witnesses patients health growing progressively worse. Under nondisclosure, the nurse must maintain the guise that there is hope for recovery (Krisman-Scott, 2000). The nurse would be unable to acknowledge or help the patient prepare for the impending death. Even if the dying patient may not be able to move toward better health, they still deserve the same opportunity to prepare themselves (financially, personally and spiritually and interpersonal) and their loved ones for their death. The purpose of this paper is to outline some of the ethical issues surrounding nondisclosure in the healthcare of the terminally ill and to look at some of the ways the ethical issues affect nurses. A patients personal medical care is collaborative venture between the patient and their doctors, nurses, and healthcare team. Patients must be able to make informed decisions in regards to their medical treatment. The practices of informed consent and education on advanced directives (as required by The Patient Self-Determination Act) reinforce the rights of the patient to stay informed and to play a central role in the decision making process in their end of life medical care (Cochella Pederson, 2003). In order to get the terminal patients on board for a risky treatment modality, the gravity of their illness must be put into the balance in order for the patient to make an informed decision (Krisman-Scott, 2000). iii. Analysis It is central to the role of nursing to recognize the patients autonomy, their ability to participate in their own healthcare regimen and power to move themselves to independence and better health (Black Chitty, 2011). The American Hospital Association acknowledges the patients right to their healthcare diagnosis and treatment options (Black Chitty, 2011). Californias 2008 Terminal Patients’ Right to Know End-of-Life Options Act requires physicians, upon request, to fully disclose all end-of-life care options including: voluntary stopping of eating and drinking, refusal or withdrawal of life extending measures, and hospice, palliative care and sedation (Morrow, 2008). The Code of Ethics for Nurses (Provision 3) requires that nurses support and speak for the rights of the patient (American Nurses Association, 2001). iv. Conclusion Because there is great variability in personal values on the subject of right to know, there needs to be a professional set of values in place for the physician that overrides this variability in personal values. This set of standards would serve an ethical framework to reference, as well as a procedure to follow if physicians need guidance. One strategy developed for the physician to use in handling requests for nondisclosure by the family was proposed by Dr Hallenbeck. The most important step in this strategy is to have a discussion with the patient about their preference: whether they want to stay fully informed of their medical condition and to manage their healthcare decisions, or if they want to have another act on their behalf (Cochella Pederson, 2003, Hallenbeck Arnold, 2007). The requirement of physicians to consult with their patients on this simple question of their desire to stay informed could be used with any dilemma involving nondisclosure. By asking the patient their desires, the physician could give them the option to maintain direct knowledge and participation in their healthcare, thus honoring the patients ethical right to autonomy. Participating in the care of a terminally ill patient who do not know their own medical condition through nondisclosure is an ethical issue for many nurses. Given the power structure within hospitals, the nurse doesnt have much authority to enact change (Cochella Pederson, 2003). If nurses find themselves in a position witnessing or having to take part in a nondisclosure which they believe is unethical, they can contact the hospital authorities, or the board of ethics to review the case.

The Phospolipid Bilayer essays

The Phospolipid Bilayer essays Our cell membrane is made up of a dispersion of different proteins onto a 2 dimensional fluid of lipids, compounded mainly of phospholipids, a class of membrane lipids that are amphipathic in their properties, meaning that they are both hydrophilic and hydrophobic (Ratto, 2002). Of all the phospholipids, the most common type that makes up most cell membranes is phosphatidylcholine, which has a hydrophilic head group and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails (Alberts et al, 1998, p349). Because of their hydrophobic nature, the hydrocarbon tails resist against the aqueous environment, thus, forcing away from it leaving the hydrophilic head groups exposed to the aqueous environment, hence, forming a bilayer (Alberts et al, 1998, p350). The hydrophilic head groups face the outside environment and the hydrophobic tails face each other (Hanke and Schlue, 1993). The main focus is, however, the fluidity of the phospholipid bilayer and a disease involving the phospholipid bilayer called Antip hospholipid Syndrome. The phospholipids in membranes are fluid because they can move laterally from one place to another in the plane of the bilayer without being restrained (Alberts et al, 1998, p352); hence, scientists named the phospholipid bilayer The Fluid Mosaic Model (Hanke and Schlue 1993). The only movement that they cannot do is flip-flop from one leaflet of the membrane to another; therefore, in order for the phospholipids to be transferred from one leaflet to another, the enzyme flipase is required to catalyze this transfer (Alberts et al, 1998, p352). One experiment that scientists manipulated to prove this was the Fluorescent Recovery After Photo-Bleaching (FRAP) experiment (Bultmann, T. et al, 1991). On a region of the cell surface, scientists labeled it by fluoresce and by doing this, the fluorochrome of the dye will covalently attach to the lipid or protein molecules. When this region is illumina ...

Victorian Social Mores Of The Early Twentieth Century essays

Victorian Social Mores Of The Early Twentieth Century essays Victorian social mores were originally strictly enforced, but as WWI developed, women began to reject the social mores to find work. Victorian social mores were paid less attention to by women in the years of the war, for women were needed to work and manufacture supplies for the war. As social mores were being questioned, women's organizations were making the situation worse for social mores by pushing for prohibition, the right to vote and suffrage. Victorian social mores faced many challenges around the turn of the century but the most prominent obstacles were women. World War I had a large effect on women overcoming Victorian social mores. Canada was unprepared for WWI, as it was expected to be a very short war but ended up being over 4 years long. As a result, Canadians manufacturers and suppliers could not cope with production demands. Manufacturers and producers needed more workers, but many able-bodied Canadian men were off fighting for their country; this is when women stepped in. Women broke through the rules that guided their lives to help out their country when it was in its greatest need. Canada needed workers for manufacturing plants and women were those workers. Many women came together and found work in assembly lines, munitions factories, and the civil service. Approximately 2400 women took an even greater leap of defiance and enlisted as nurses who served in British hospitals and in field hospitals. Many women abandoned the social mores to aid their society. Due to the demand for workers, coupled with the fact that Canada's men were at war, women began entering the workplace and going against social mores more rapidly than ever before. In 1891, women accounted for 14.3 percent of clerical workers in Canada; that figure had increased to 41.8 percent by 1921 and in 1901, one in six Canadian workers was female. Women accounted for 25 percent of all manufacturing and mechanical workers, and mo ...

Critical evaluation of development and role of Balanced Scorecard in Essay

Critical evaluation of development and role of Balanced Scorecard in production and service organizations - Essay Example The current essay sought to provide a brief overview of BSC and its responsibility to measure overall performance of the firms in production and service sector. In addition to that, it also provides a critical reflection about the various roles played by BSC in service and production sectors. In today’s business environment, customer’s satisfaction has become one of the vital concerns for organizations and companies to improve product or service quality. Studies have noted that it is very problematic to measure performance of the service quality especially for the intangible goods. The accurate prediction of service quality is very complicated and there are numerous evidences that supports to that companies have failed to attempt the actual dimensional structure of service quality. Simons (2000) describes that, measuring and evaluating service quality generally uses a basic theory approach. He concluded that, it is very difficult to understand views of the different customers towards quality level of a particular product or service outcome. Thus, the mangers need to consider perception of the service process, service input and the overall supportive framework. The acceptance of globalization in the international market place has brought significant changes in the production and service sector, in terms of the level of competition, cost structure, production environment that led to rapid development in the advancement of technology. Majority of the companies in the global market were compelled to adopt contemporary business management techniques to ensure long-term business survival and to maintain competitive advantage (Kaynak, 2003). Performance management has evolved to be considered as an integral part of management accounting system. In this context, a large number of performance measures have been reported by the financial institutions to pursue cost of the organization’s long-term objectives. However, most of them have failed to provide

GEL 101 Research project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

GEL 101 project - Research Paper Example Discrimination can be based on somebody’s gender, sex, income, and so on whereas, racism is also a kind of discrimination, but it is based mainly on a person’s skin color. When a person is trying to be a racist actually what he is doing is to compare others with himself on the basis of their skin color or their material possessions. One must never forget that comparing people based on such things, which they do not get by choice, is actually a false comparison. A white guy is not white because he wanted to be so, likewise a black guy is not black by his own choice rather they both are the way they are, because that is how they were meant to be. Therefore, racism or discrimination is a very unrealistic approach on behalf of individuals. A realist would never be a racist at all because he knows the philosophy of life. There is another approach, which sounds pretty much unrealistic as well, is of considering others as inferior based on their material possessions. Material possessions are worldly things, which can be earned or which can be lost, somebody who lacks something today is only for today. No one knows for surety where he will be the coming day. Then why bother and waste time in judging people which does not help one in anything but simply gives birth to hatred. Famous People who have experienced racism/discrimination: Oprah Winfrey, a famous TV artist, says that she has been a victim of racial discrimination, when she went to a store in Switzerland to buy a bag, which was designed by Tom Ford and named after Jennifer Aniston. According to her, when she asked for this bag, the sales girl showed some other bags and refused indirectly to show that particular bag saying it was too expensive for her. Oprah says that it was because of racial discrimination that the bag she demanded was not showed to her and she felt embarrassed. While acknowledging the apology of the owner of the store and sales girl Winfrey said â€Å"Discrimination is there, an ywhere around the world, every day† (Hall). The other celebrity that faced racial discrimination is Gabby Douglas, who is a star athlete and won two gold medals at London Olympic Games. According to her, she endured racism and discrimination while she was training in London. She says,† One of my teammates was like, 'Can you scrape the bar?' And they were like, 'Why doesn't Gabby do it, she's our slave?' I definitely felt isolated; I felt 'why am I deserving this? Is it because I'm black?† (Hersha). By reading the statements of these two famous personalities, it becomes obvious that not only common people face such situations, but celebrities also happen to face this. Each human being is worthy of being respected and is not supposed to be treated as such. The color discrimination in America is increasing rapidly, recently some violent activities that took place in the name of racism and discrimination, include; Christopher Lane, who is an Australian baseball player, became the victim of three wannabe gang-gangers. A 20-year-old guy named Javon Tyrek from New York, who has been charged with the first-degree murder and burglary, murdered a 99-year-old Fannie Gumbinger. These are merely accidents that are turning back the clock on racial discrimination, and have acted as a basis for the rebirth of this issue. Furthermore two black teens, Demetrius Glenn and Kenan D. Adams-Kinard, took the life of a World War II

Freud and Jung- the Unconscious Essay Example for Free

Freud and Jung- the Unconscious Essay The unconscious is hypothetically a region of the mind that contains desires, recollections, fears, feelings and thoughts that are prevented from expression in the conscious awareness. One of the most influential philosophers who made theories about the unconscious and its aspects is of Sigmund Freud. Freud distinguished between three different concepts of the unconscious: descriptive unconsciousness, dynamic unconsciousness, and the system unconsciousness. The descriptive unconsciousness refers to all those things in mental life in which people are not instinctively aware of. The dynamic unconsciousness refers to mental processes and contents, which are removed from the consciousness as a result of contradictory attitudes. The system unconsciousness indicates the idea that when mental processes are repressed, they become organized different from those of a conscious mind, such as displacement. Freud eventually abandoned of the system unconscious and replaced it with the ego, super-ego, and id concepts. Throughout his career, however he retained the descriptive and dynamic concepts of unconsciousness. Freud also believed that the unconscious was a storage facility for all repressed sexual desires. With this in mind, he created a theory called The Oedipus Complex. The Oedipus complex is a theory, which implies hatred and a death wish for the parent of the same sex (father for boys and mothers for girls) and love/sexual attachments towards the parent of the opposite sex. Freud states that at some point, the child realizes the differences between their mother and their father. With this, the child learns to understand gender because they come to grasp that they are similar to one of the parents and different from the other. When the child finally comprehends this, he/she feels as though the opposite sex is affectionate to another person besides them (their same sex parent). Thus, the child â€Å"competes† with the same sex parent for the opposite sex parents love and fondness. Freud believed that these feelings are deeply fused into the unconsciousness of every person, but are suppressed. Another influential philosopher who gathered theories on the concept of unconsciousness is Carl Jung. Jung studied under Freud, but eventually broke off and made his own theories and opinions about different concepts, such as the unconscious. Jung believed that there were two levels of unconsciousness: personal unconscious and collective unconscious. The personal unconscious is interior to the ego (a person’s conception of themselves) and corresponds to a mix of Freuds unconscious and preconscious. Containing elements of the outside world and of personal experiences repressed by the ego, the contents of the personal unconscious can be accessed by therapy, art and cultural expression. According to Jung, the collective unconscious is part of a person’s unconscious that is common between all human beings as opposed to personal unconscious, which is unique to each individual. Jung also believed that the collective unconsciousness contains archetypes, which are forms or symbols that are apparent by all people of all cultures. The five main archetypes that were associated with the collective unconscious are the persona, animus, anima, shadow and self. The persona is the mask presented by each individual to society but it may or may not conceal the real personality. The anima is the feminine part of a man, which evolves as a result of a mans experience with women but also recognizes the bisexual nature of all human beings. The animus is the masculine part of a woman. The shadow is the reverse of the outward personality we show to the world. The self is the most important archetype and holds all the other systems together. With these archetypes, Jung felt that we should know ourselves from the inside as well as the outside. Both Jung and Freud’s theories on the unconscious differed in many ways. Freud described the unconscious as a container underlying the conscious mind, whose task is to contain unwanted and un-encountered events, feelings, thoughts and experiences of the disliked conscious mind. Jung however added to this theory by proposing two layers of the unconscious: a personal unconscious, right under the conscious mind, taking in personal psychic contents and the collective unconscious which contains the accumulating experience of all humanity. Another theory that both Jung and Freud had different opinions on was sexuality. In Freud’s speculation, he claims the force of life is driven by sexuality and the original unconscious contains nothing but feelings, thoughts, experience and frustrations of resulting unhappy sexual desires. Jung however believes there is much more to life than sexuality, which underlies the process of individuation and constant search for meaning. Jung also thinks the unconscious has a compensatory regulating function, aiming at healing and growth. In conclusion, I personally favor Jung’s version of the unconscious mind rather than Freud’s. I feel as though Jung has a better understanding of the human mind in many ways that everyone can benefit from. Although Freud had good theories and speculations about the unconscious mind and sexuality, I did not grasp a connection between my thoughts and Freud’s speculations. With that being said, I can definitely understand why the mind is very difficult to study. Work Cited 1. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: â€Å"The Collective Unconscious† 6 October 2008 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Collective_unconscious 2. C. John Holcombe: â€Å"Carl Jung† 10 October 2008 http://www. textetc. com/theory/jung. html 3. Benjamin Nagari: â€Å"Freud vs. Jung† 10 October 2008 http://www. hypnojung. co. uk/freud-jung. htm 4. Collective Unconscious, Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2008 http://encarta. msn. com  © 1997-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Eulogy for Grandmother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Grandmother I'd like to talk today about my grandmother, Ruth Smith - about who she was, what she meant to us, and what this day means. Grandma was a homemaker and a lifelong resident of Marshall. This might seem like a constrained life to some, but I don't think Grandma would have agreed, and I'd like to explain why. She was a person with great curiosity - she read all the time, she worked crossword puzzles every day, and she loved watching documentaries on television. In fact, she was working crossword puzzles right on up until the last month before she died, when she finally grew too ill to continue. Her curiosity also greatly affected me - when my brother Gus and I were little, we used to play a card game called 'Authors,' and from playing that game so much with her, I knew at a very young age who Mark Twain and Shakespeare and Nathaniel Hawthorne and many others were. The way she said these authors' names stirred in me a great desire to read them, and now, later in life, when I have read those authors, and taught them, I can sincerely thank Grandma for first creating that desire in me. I can also thank Grandma for inspiring a love of animals in my mother and in myself. Grandma always had a cat around her house that she cared for. She loved watching animal shows on television, especially if they involved cats. In fact, she considered herself a cat person, until she met my dog Alex. I say 'my dog,' but he's really my Mom's dog now, and for a lot of the time, when my Mom was traveling on business, it was my Grandma's dog too. We knew that both Grandma and Grandpa really like Alex when they let him sleep on the chest at the foot of their bed - now THAT was a big deal! She loved Alex, and she loved Libby, my replacement dog that I got once Mom had stolen Alex from me. Nothing tickled Grandma more than watching Libby tear up and down the floor, running back and forth like puppies like to do. Mom told me that she mentioned Alex and Libby to Grandma just a few hours before she died, and that she smiled when she heard their names. She also traveled widely - Grandpa always said that there was plenty here in Missouri to occupy someone, but Grandma felt a bit differently.

International approaches to learning Essay

E1. Provide an explanation of three different international approaches to learning. One international approach to learning is Forest Schools. A Forest School is an outdoor education in which the children who attend get the opportunity to visit forest and woodland areas and develop different skills such as, personal, social and technical skills. Forest Schools offer children and young people the opportunity to develop their confidence through hands-on learning in a woodland environment. Forest Schools are also a unique way of building independence and self-esteem in children and young people. â€Å"Forest Schools aim to develop a greater understanding of their own natural and man-made environments, a wide range of physical skills, social communication skills, independence and a positive mental attitude, self-esteem and confidence.† Carolyn Meggitt, 2012, Childcare and Education, London, Hodder Education Another international approach to learning is The Maria Montessori Approach . The Montessori Approach is an educational approach created by a woman called Maria Montessori. Montessori education is focused on a motivated aim: To aid the child’s development into a complete adult human being, comfortable with themselves, the community and everyone around them. The Montessori Method to education is a child-centered educational process based on scientific observations of children from birth to adulthood. This approach values the human spirit and the development of the whole child – physical, social, emotional, cognitive. â€Å"Montessori education offers children opportunities to develop their potential as they step out into the world as engaged, competent, responsible and respectful citizens with an understanding and appreciation that learning is for life†. http://amshq.org/Montessori-Education/Introduction-to-Montessori/Benefits-of-Montessori Another international approach to learning is The Steiner Approach. The Steiner Approach to education was formed by Rudolf Steiner who was an Australian philosopher. When it came to education, Rudolf Steiner believed in developing the whole person. â€Å"The education approach differs from mainstream education in several ways. For a start, Steiner schools put a strong emphasis on the important of spiritual values and social skills and the teaching method is based on a balance of intellectual, practical and artistic teaching†. Physical skills is considered as important too and they use dance to help the children’s development. Steiner as considered color as important especially for helping the children with their imagination skills.  In Steiner Schools, children tend to have the same teacher from the age of six or seven until the age of fourteen and in each class there will be a mix of different age groups. E2. Choose one international approach from E1 and give reasons for your choice. The international approach to children’s learning which interests me the most is the Forest School approach. The reason I have chosen this approach is because E3. Explain the background to the approach you have chosen and write about it. Philosophers, naturalists and educators in Europe and the UK such as Wordsworth, Ruskin, Baden Powell, Leslie Paul, Kurt Hahn, Susan Issacs and the Macmillan Sisters all laid the foundations for what is known as Forest Schools today. Forest Schools were originally based on a rich heritage of outdoor learning going back to the 19th century. Forest schools originated in Sweden in the 1950’s as a way of teaching children about the natural world. Denmark adopted the idea of Forest Schools and it became an important part of early year’s provision. The Forest School concept was then brought to England in 1993 by the staff of Bridgewater, Somerset after an exchange visit to Denmark. Forest Schools have had a huge impact on children within the UK. Forest Schools have made differences in children’s confidence; the children have the freedom, time and space to learn and develop independence. Seen differences in their social skills; the children have learned to gain awareness of the consequences of their actions on other children through different activities, for example sharing tools and playing with one another. Differences have been seen in communication; the language development has been supported by the sensory activities children have been taking part in. Seen differences in their physical skills; these improvements were characterized by the development of physical stamina and gross and fine motor skills. Also, differences were seen in their knowledge and understanding; the children and developed interests with the environment and natural surrounding which meant they were willing to learn more and they gained respect for the environment. E4. Describe the key principles of your chosen approach. Forest Schools have six main key principles. The first one is ‘A Forest School is a long-term process of frequent and regular sessions in a woodland or natural environment, rather than a one-off visit. Planning, adaptation, observations and reviewing are integral elements of Forest School.’ This means that the same group of learners should ideally attend a Forest School at least once every other week and continue to do so for a long period of time. A Forest School programme has a structure which is based on the observations and joint work between learners and practitioners. This will show progression of their learning. The early sessions of any programme begin to form physical and behavioural boundaries as well as making their first observations on which to base future programme development. The second key principle is ‘Forest School takes place in a woodland or natural wooded environment to support the development of a relationship between the learner and the natu ral world’. This means that the woodland area is ideal for the Forest School practice and the individual needs of learners as it provides them with space and the environment in which they are able to explore and discover. This links to The EYFS – A unique child – play and exploration. Forest School aims to develop relationships with nature through regular personal experiences in order to develop long-term practices in staff and learners and the wider community. Also Forest Schools uses natural resources for inspiration, to enable ideas and to encourage key motivation. The third key principle is ‘Forest School aims to promote the holistic development of all those involved, fostering resilient, confident, independent and creative learners’. Holistic development means to develop everything†¦ their physical, social, cognitive, verbal, emotional, artistic, creative skills and spiritual aspects as well. The Forest School leader/practitioner will also try a link Forest School experiences to the children’s home and school life. The fourth key principle is ‘Forest School offers learners the opportunity to take supported risks appropriate to the environment and to th emselves’. This means that the Forest School leaders provide the children with sharp tools and allow them to build fires when under supervision; this allows the children to take safe risks and learn how to use these tools properly providing them with lifelong skills. Any Forest School experience follows a Risk–Benefit process managed by the practitioner and the child that is personalised to the developmental stage of the child. This also means that  Forest School opportunities are aimed to build on the individual’s motivation and positive attitudes and interests of the children. The fifth key concept is ‘Forest School is run by qualified Forest School practitioners who continuously maintain and develop their professional practice’. This means that a Forest School must be ran by practitioners who hold a minimum qualification of Level 3 Forest School qualification and also must hold a Paediatric First Aid qualification which include outdoor elements. It means that there must be a high ratio of practitioner/adult to children. The Forest School leader must have working documents which have all the up to date policies and procedures which are required to run a Forest School and which have the correct information for all the roles and responsibilities of the practitioners and any volunteers. Also the Forest School leader is a reflective practitioner and sees themselves as a learner too. The final key principle is ‘Forest School uses a range of learner-centred processes to create a community for development and learning’. This means â€Å"A learner-centred pedagogical approach is employed by Forest School that is responsive to the needs and interests of learners.† http://www.forestschoolassociation.org/full-principles-and-criteria-for-good-practice/ Also, play and choice is an essential part to the Forest School learning and play is seen vital to the learning and development of children at the Forest School. Forest School provides motivation for all learning preferences and dispositions. Also reflective practice is a key feature of each session to ensure learners and practitioners can understand their achievements, develop emotional intelligence and plan for the future. Practitioner observation is an important part of Forest School pedagogy. Observations link into ‘scaffolding’ and adapting experiences to learning and development. Scaffolding links to Jerome Bruner and his theory on Scaffolding. â€Å"A ‘scaffold’ ensures that children aren’t left to their own devices to understand something. The support is removed when the student is ready, like the scaffolding that supports workers who’ve been constructing or repairing a building, which is removed when construction is complete.† http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/jerome-bruner-scaffolding-and-constructivism-theories.html#lesson E5. Describe the materials and resources that support the children’s learning  in your chosen approach. E6. Provide information on how these materials and resources are used to promote learning. E7. Explain the role of the practitioner in supporting learning in your chosen approach. In a Forest School, the role of the practitioner to boost and develop self-esteem and self-belief and confidence by suggesting small, manageable tasks and ensure that they have time and freedom to learn at their own pace without pressure. This supports the children’s learning because they are At a forest school, the role of the practitioner is to constantly model suitable behviour and encourage the children to develop better awareness of their own and other’s emotional needs. The role of the practitioner is to complete all health and safety and risk assessments. They must follow all policies and procedures. The role of the practitioner is to administrate first aid when needed and maintain a first aid it at all times. The role of the practitioner is to count the equipment in and out as well. All this is done to make sure the children and kept safe from any kind of harm and to maintain the safety and welfare of all the children. The role of the practitioner is to always take into consideration the specific needs of a particular group of children or an individual child and will ensure that every child is respected as an individual, that bullying is not tolerated and that the rules and guidelines are followed. In the event of an emergency they will direct the group to safety. Another role the practitioner must do is complete child observations. This helps the practitioners to understand how individual children learn and play. Also helps with planning so the practitioner can tailor activities to meet each child’s individual needs. The role of the practitioner is to make sure that they complete planning, ensuring that all the children are getting the best out of their experience and by making sure it is a stimulating and inspiring experience for all children and meet the individual needs of all children and the developmental stages of The Early Years Foundation Stage. The role of the practitioner is to maintain the Forest School site. Ensure environmental considerations are being met by making sure the site is kept clean and tidy after every session at the Forest School.

Mullah Mohammed Omar

Mullah Mohammed Omar is one of the most influential and devoted spiritual leaders and founders of the Taliban movement in Afghanistan. Along with Osama Bin Laden and other Islamic activists, he was behind the 9/11 attacks. Currently, as he fled into hiding and remains at large, Omar is considered to be a serious threat to the USA and its allies. That is why he is among the â€Å"Most Wanted† terrorists, and American Government is ready to pay up to 10 million dollars for any true information bringing to his capture (Rewards for Justice). Born in 1959, he participated in the resistance battles against the Soviet Union army in the Afghan War and was wounded. After the collapse of Soviet regime in Afghanistan, Omar and a group of his loyal supporters (including Bin Laden) organized the Taliban movement. In 1996 this organization, led by former military commanders, took over the power in Afghanistan, making Omar the Ruler (Emir) titled â€Å"Commander of the Faithful†.   He imposed a very tough version of Islamic laws and unlimited severity upon the country. Omar expressed support of devastating attacks on the US in 2001. Like all Taliban leaders, he revealed his extremist viewpoints on the policies of the US. In his interviews right after the tragic events of September 11, he repeatedly underlined seriousness and brutality of terrorist plans: â€Å"..The real matter is the extinction of America..† (BBC). â€Å".. Everyone is afraid of America and wants to please it. But Americans will not be able to prevent such acts like the one that has just occurred [9/11]..† (The Guardian). After the attacks Omar is reported to shelter Bin Laden and his al-Qaeda activists in Afghanistan. But in the end of the year 2001 he was forced to break away from his residence in Kandahar during the military operation. Despite the fact that his current location is unknown, Mullah Omar continuously releases some politically daring or threatening statements, which are delivered by his messengers and spokesmen. Recently he is alleged to hide somewhere on Pakistan territories. Bibliography:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Interview with Mullah Omar.† BBC News. Official Web-site of BBC. 24 Aug. 2001. 03 Nov. 2007 .  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MacDonell, Pat. â€Å"Mightier Than the Sword.† The Middle East 1 Feb. 2007: 75.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Mullah Omar in His Own Words.† The Guardian 26 Sept. 2001: 46.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rashid, Ahmed. â€Å"Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia.† New Heaven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Wanted. Mullah Omar.† Rewards for Justice Program. US Department of State. 03 Nov. 2007 .

Wall-e essay Essays - Films, Films With Live Action And Animation

Wall-e essay Essays - Films, Films With Live Action And Animation I bought WALL-E on Blu-ray the other day. Picture and sound are beautiful of course, but this essay is not on the audiovisual achievement of Pixar. What I find fascinating time after time is the poignancy of his relationship with EVE which is a reflection of human relationship with technology. The movie is set in a distant future where humans have trashed and abandoned Earth. This in itself is direct criticism of our throw-away society that we live in, which I am very much a culprit in just the same as characters in the movie. The only thing left on Earth is Waste Allocation Load Lifter Earth Class or WALL-E for short. The movie quickly establishes that WALL-E is not just a mindless robot; he is in fact quite human. In fact, WALL-E is portrayed as the most human character in the movie. He shows feelings affection, remorse, happiness, sadness and love. Strangely enough all of these traits are severely lacking in all human characters in the movie. Eventually humans send a robot probe EVE to investigate Earth and look for signs of plant life. This is how WALL-E meets EVE and it is love at first sight. EVE is a modern glossy, white robot, without scratches or dents. It is what a robot would look like if it were designed by Apple. In its form EVE represents culmination of technological advancement and she is a testament to human innovation. WALL-E, in contrast, is last years technology, old, useless, replaced by new slick-looking machines. Now as those who have seen the movie know, WALL-E falls in love with EVE. This in itself is the irony, contradiction and probably the inescapable truth of human nature. The movie constantly goes out of its way to offer subtle and blatant commentary that what we are doing is bad and we have lost our most human traits. We are a throw-away society, we trashed the planet, we are fat, spoiled, stupid, and not worthy of the natural wealth of this planet which we have just squandered. Yet, WALL-E falls in love with her. He falls in love with EVE, the indirect and direct outcome of all these qualities which make humans so bad. It is such a complete contradiction that I never seem to quite understand. Throughout the movie WALL-E suffers at the hands of imperfect humans and advanced machines we created to do our jobs, yet even though his suffering is caused by these things he yearns for them. In a way, WALL-E is us, the human race. We (humans) are aware of the consequences of our actions, whether they are on a personal or global scale. Yet despite being aware of consequences there seems to be a uniquely human inertia to change. WALL-E himself fails to change and is a victim of the same inertia and flaws which plague humans. The movie does not pass judgment on this. WALL-Es actions and emotions are neither good nor bad. His actions are human.

Capital Punishment7 essays

Capital Punishment7 essays The issue of capital punishment has been an ongoing controversy for many centuries. Punishment by death has been in practice since its first appearance in Babylonian writings by Hammurabi dating to 2000 B.C. This form of punishment was later termed as "capital punishment." Abolitionists of capital punishment rely on the eighth amendment for support. Stating that the execution of an inmate regardless of its manner is cruel and unusual punishment. Abolitionists also believe that the punishment is unnecessary and is not cost effective for the American taxpayers. Finally, abolitionists depend on the moral issue of the death penalty to band capital punishment. Capital punishment advocates depend on religious sanctions to justify the death penalty. Those who are for capital punishment believes that it maximizes public safety through incapacitation and deterrence. In 1972, Furman v. Georgia, a case about the death penalty, was brought before the Supreme Court. The court held that the death penalty was given in an arbitrary way for a variety of crimes. At this time the court also held that the death penalty focused mainly on African Americans and the under privileged. This ruling stopped short of actually outlawing the use of the death penalty, but it gave the states fair warning that the death penalty was in dire need of modification. Later in 1976, in the case of Woodson v. North Carolina, the Supreme Court ruled that mandatory death penalties were unconstitutional. However, later in 1976 in the case of Gregg v. Georgia the Supreme Court ruled that under adequate guidelines, the death penalty was not considered cruel and unusual. Therefore was not protected under the eighth amendment right that prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Studies have been done contradicting the Supreme Court's ruling stating that the death penalty is not cruel and unusual punishment. The process in which the body goes through during an exec...

Statistics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistics - Assignment Example of the movies made today can be seen only by patrons 13 years or older†, as the total percentage of PG-13 and R-rated 2005 movies (78.4%) is greater than 75%.3-34 e) There appears no association between the twin births (preterm induced or cesarean, preterm without procedures or term or post-term) and the level of the prenatal care (intensive, adequate, or inadequate). As shown in figure in part (d), the distribution (percentage) of the twin births for the level of prenatal care is somewhat similar. This suggests that the twin births and the level of prenatal care are not associated, that is they are independent.4-8 The average (mean) height of the singers is about 68 inches. The range of the heights of the singers is about 16 inches with minimum and maximum height being 60 and 76 inches, respectively. The IQR is about 8 inches. About half of the singers height is equal to or below 68 inches. About 50% of the singers height is in-between 65 to 73 inches. The distribution of the horsepower of auto appears approximately uniform (slightly positively skewed). The median value is about 100 and the IQR is about 45. The range of the horsepower of auto is 90 with minimum and maximum horsepowers being 60 and 155, respectively. c) The president is correct. The null hypothesis is not rejected, as p-value of 0.386 is greater than .05. Therefore, there is not enough evidence to support the claim that Striving College student medical applicants admitted is different from the 46% of all medical school applicants

W8 Exemption PT2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

W8 Exemption PT2 - Essay Example As such, it is crucial for one to understand the exact job that they would like to pursue and that is in line with their interests. Any person who wishes to pursue a lucrative career in this field has no alternative other than majoring in business management. It is both profitable and rewarding in so far as career fulfillment is concerned (Cronje & Du Toit, 2004). As a person with an undergraduate degree in business management, I am firmly convinced that the groundwork for my career in business management has been done. Consequently, it all falls back to me to pursue additional strategies that will guide my career paths within companies so that I can advance and move further upwards on the corporate ladder. In addition, this degree has offered me substantial knowledge and skills on starting, operating and running my own business portfolio. Essentially, there are several other dimensions I can choose to utilize the skills so far acquired in my undergraduate studies. This factor is rei nforced by the fact that management skills are needed virtually in all professions. For instance, engineering or healthcare sectors require a manager to run the day-to-day activities of their organizations. In general, professional engagement in business management equips one with skills of marketing and sales, interpersonal skills, co-ordination, personal relations, budget and finance, and security. In this vein, a student in this career must learn or enhance their qualities in aspects such as planning, organizing, leadership, communication, policy making and formulation, and staffing (Needle, 2010). Based on my experience in undergraduate studies, it is undeniable that a career in business calls for diligence and sufficient period of preparation. It demands specialized training for effective mastery of the various conditions that characterize the world of business. This training is offered in various universities through regular degree programs. In addition to the undergraduate de gree, a significant proportion of the graduates opt for an associate degree that takes a maximum of two years. This extra degree enhances their chances of joining the field of business management easily. However, there are other critical training programs offered by private organizations in this particular field. This is to simply imply that training grounds or avenues for business management are readily available. Whereas such training programs provide a quicker means for someone to venture into professional management fields, it is those who have gone through universities that are regarded as having an upper hand in terms of credibility (Magdaline, Place, & Baratz, 1998). My experience in the business management course has taught me a number of lessons, some of which are far-fetched from professional engagement. For instance, I have realized that any person who wishes to succeed in any profession must be willing to spend considerable time learning. In addition, just the same way b usiness studies have a branch referred to as business ethics, work life equally demands for solid work ethics. Several businesses are rolled out every year with the hope of clinching the most coveted top market positions. Unfortunately, not all of these entities manage to attain their goals. The big question that then begs for answers is what differentiates successful and unsuccessful businesses. According to findings

BUSINESS GLOBALISATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

BUSINESS GLOBALISATION - Essay Example Trading Blocs A trading bloc refers to the agreement between certain countries to reduce trade restrictions, tariffs and other trade barriers for each other while imposing strict trade barriers with other nonmember nations. Without any doubts, trade blocs like ‘European Economic Community’ (ECC) and ‘North American Free Trade Agreement’ (NAFTA) exist because they provide great advantages to the member nations (Prempeh, Mensah & Adjibolosoo, pp. 98-99, 2004). First, large markets created through trading blocs allow production to take place in bulk, which in turn means that firms can take advantage of economies of scale. Second, companies within the trading blocs come closer to each other, which lead to greater competition (Wiarda, pp. 93-98, 2007). Quite understandably, greater competition leads to higher level of efficiency. Third, when tariffs decrease due to trade blocs, the cost of imports goes down and consumers can purchase products with lower prices. F ourth, an individual country may not enjoy that political and economic authority over the globe but a group of countries certainly can have their voice heard (Rossi, pp. 304-305, 2007). In fact, this remains the biggest possible advantage of trade blocs that they allow the members to become interdependent on each other thus making them less vulnerable to the external shocks. Fifth, trade blocs reduce the transactions costs for all the members thus allowing the trade the trade to happen with lesser monetary and time costs (Ervin & Smith, pp. 185-186, 2008). Changes in the Balance of Trade in during 20th century Without any doubts, the world is a completely changed place as compared to what it was a century ago. The world has undergone a complete transformation in the 20th century and the same is true for world trade. The balance of trade refers to the total value of exports minus the value of imports of a country during the given year. The balance of world trade in the past century h as changed largely. During the early days of the 20th century, most of the countries at that time used to avoid trade deficits and considered it as bad for the economy. The process of Globalisation was slow and most economies comparatively were closed economies. However, as of the data of CIA for the year 2010, out of the 191 countries on their list, only 61 countries or 32 percent of the countries had a trade surplus and the rest of the them were showing trade deficits. Quite understandably, this refers to the fact that the balance of the world trade in totality is in negative giving a trade deficit. The biggest trade deficit was for the economic superpower United States of America with 561 billion US dollars (Steger, pp. 74-78, 2010). Furthermore, even economic powers like United Kingdom, India, France, Brazil, Canada, and Australia had deficits of more than 35 billion US dollars (Steger, pp. 74-78, 2010). However, upcoming Asian giants China, Japan, and Germany remain at the top of list with trade surpluses of 272, 166, and 162 billion US dollars (Steger, pp. 74-78, 2010). Economies of Scale With Globalisation and increasing international trade, economies of scale have emerged as an extremely important factor in expansion and production of various industries. Economies of scale refer to ‘the phenomenon where the cost per unit decreases with increasing production’ (Rossi, pp. 304-305, 2007). It allows the firm to lower its costs and gain greater market share or the firm may decide to maintain the

Life on the Road Essay Example for Free

Life on the Road Essay â€Å"Life on the Road† was in my opinion written to entertain, but also to inform the reader about a hitch hikers life. The author explained the basics of his everyday journeys and how they affected him. He explained how he had to adapt to certain ways of living, from where he would sleep to where he was going to find food the next day. Surprisingly traveling also taught him how to better present himself. For example, he learned to stand, instead of sit while trying to catch a ride. This showed his determination and a more favorable self portrayed image. The lifestyle he was used to living had completely changed. He no longer had luxuries easily handed to him as we Americans do today. I also believed he wrote this article in order for us to recognize the small, but important factors in life that we usually miss considering the busy life most of us lead now a days. Wertz said, â€Å"I was gone only three months, but in those three months I felt heart. † (Wertz, 13). His view on society and life changed completely after his experience on the road. Being alone on the streets forced him to learn how to fend for himself and learn how to interact differently with people. Through out his encounters he learned there is many kinds of people. He met very beautiful people, overly happy people, extremely rude people, and sadly even people suffering worse than he was. Traits he never knew he had like sympathy peeked their head out and taught him that even though he was struggling, there are still a tremendous amount of people out in the world that have it worse than he did. His journey led him through many challenges, but mainly taught him more about how special life really is.

The History of Spices and Condiments :: Cooking Food Papers

Today, due to the technological evolution and worldwide trade, people came to enjoy foreign cultures regardless the East or West. More and more people travel around the world freely and explore exotic cultures. Among those pleasures, food can be the most interesting lure which represents the culture. This is because food is unique to the place. One of major aspects which enhance the uniqueness of food is its condiments such as spices and flavors. Chefs are enthusiastic in using flavors to stimulate epicurians’ appetites and to add special tastes to the cuisine. Although condiments tend to be considered subordinating part of food, they have very long histories and significant meanings in ancient times. In ancient times, condiments were highly valued, â€Å"as basic ingredients of incense, embalming preservatives, ointments, perfumes, antidotes against poisons, cosmetics, and medicines, and were used only to a limited extent in the kitchen (Rosengarten 16). Studying their histories and roots of the names, such as etymology, will help us to track down the ancient life, culture, and social values. And the use of condiments were much more expansive than today and played one of the most important parts in the world history, encouraging the civilization which allowed today’s worldwide trades. This research is focused on the etymologies of major condiment words such as salt, vinegar, pepper, cinnamon, and mustard, which have been highly valued from ancient time to today’s life. In addition, the migrations of those words in the world and expressions produced by wisdom of ancient people are also investigated. Matsuya 2 I) History In ancient times, salt was very precious and valuable before refrigeration, when salt was the major means of preventing meat from decaying. And salt was used as a medicine such as â€Å"smelling-salts.† It was believed that salt, with ammonium carbonate with some agreeable scent as lavender or bergamot, can be a stimulant and restorative in faintness and headaches. Therefore, spilling salt was considered to bring an unlucky omen among the Romans. II) Etymological change Proto-Germanic *saltan Indo- European *sal-d-om ~ Old English salt, sealt Before 1100 sealt 13th salit 14-16th salte 16-17th sault Cognate with Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old Icelandic, Gothic, salt Middle Dutch sout Old High German salz Cognate outside Germanic Latin sal, salt Old Irish salann Welsh halen Greek hals Latvian sals Old Slavic soli, sladuku Matsuya 3 Armenian al Tocharian sale salyiye Sanskrit sal (in salila-m ‘sea’) Although these forms have certain similarities, in Old Slavonic, sladuku meant â€Å"sweet.

Prayer in School

Monique Holmes Argumentative Writing Final Paper Dr. George Pullman Introduction School prayer is a major controversy of this society. Public schools are supported with taxpayer money and you have a lot of believers who want his or her taxes to support an institution that prohibits children from praying in school, but at the same time, you have a loot of believers that don’t want to support an institution that prohibits their children from prayer in schools. The First Amendment of the United States protects both believers’ ands non believers from this situation by mandating government neutrality between belief and non belief.All children have the right to pray voluntary just not through the public school system. Prayer Should be Allowed in the Public School System School prayer is a very controversial issue in our society today. The question that people are having issues with is whether or not school prayer should be allowed in the public school system. The main issue i s if students should be allowed to pray as a class at the start of the day. Prayer in school has been a major conflict between people therefore there have been a lot of court cases.There were a number of cases that has changed the policy of prayer in the public school system. Thomas Jefferson had spoken of public education ands said, â€Å"One goal of democracy is the recognition, solution, and tolerance of controversy; public education should prepare citizens for this reality†. People do need to be prepared because religion is a very Holmes common controversy. If religion is removed from the public education system then one must know that the system is then defective to the school because how are children to know how to deal with the controversy that comes with religion?Prayer should be slowed in school. One must remember the Equal Access Act of 1984, which says that prayer is an important part of America’s spiritual heritage and the First Amendment (Freedom of Speech ). If prayer in schools is so bad like people like to say or think than how come there are so many people who are for prayer in school? School prayer shouldn’t be removed from the public school system because of the Equal Access Act of 1984. This Act states that a federally funded public high is required to permit religious meetings if clubs that are not related to the curriculum is allowed.There are a number of religious groups in some schools, but of course they don’t get the same privileges as the clubs that are non-religious related. The Equal Access Act of 1984 was formed to change this fact. At some schools, students are allowed to organize a bible study group as well as other religious clubs (www. religioustolerance. org). These particular clubs are allowed to meet on school grounds and they are able to advertise on school property just like the other non-religious clubs (www. religioustolerance. org).Students who want to have a religious club should not be infl uenced by the board, teachers, principals, or any staff of the school. They should not be ridiculed because of this. The Equal Access Act of 1984 is good because these students will now be able to form a religious group if they want. If athletes, musicians and artists can show and do what they believe than religious groups should be able to do the same. Prayer should be a part of our school systems because it is an important part of America’s spiritual heritage.All throughout America’s history there have been many important documents written with references to â€Å"Almighty God,† â€Å"Thy Blessings,† â€Å"Our dependence upon Thee,† and â€Å"In God We Trust. † These documents are Holmes the Declaration of Independence, the Gettysburg Address, the National Anthem, the Presidential Oath and even U. S. Currency. In school children starts the day with pledge which states â€Å"one Nation under God. † A prayer says that students just wa nt to ask for a good day and guidance throughout the day. Prayer and religion is an important part of the American tradition. It has been said that the children benefit from people turning to God on their behalf and they benefit even more when they turn to God for help† (Christian Science Monitor 2). If prayer is kept out of the school system, they are teaching students that traditions are not important and that what this country was founded upon doesn’t matter. Our forefathers wanted us to have religious freedom, so what would you want children to disrespect that. People don’t want to see out nation fall but it will if we don’t show children the value of prayer.School prayer is important because it shows and teaches what this nation stands for and it helps create better morals. By allowing children to pray at the beginning of school it gives them a chance to learn better and focus on school because their mind will be cleared. It is known that students who pray before school do better in school than those who don’t. So if we want our children to do better we must let them pray in school. We have lost if we eliminate prayer from school. Our nation will definitely fall. Nothing in the First Amendment converts our public schools into religionfree zones or requires all religious expression to be left at the schoolhouse door† (Bill Clinton on prayer in school). If what Clinton say is true then why do people want to eliminate prayer in school? The issue is that they don’t want to deal with controversy but by doing this they are not teaching children how to handle controversy they are teaching them to ignore it. They should let the children decide if they want to pray or not. If the students don’t want to pray than they don’t have to pray then they shouldn’t.They have the right to pray in school and should not be looked Holmes down at if they choose to do so. No one is being hurt by prayer being in t he public school system. The First Amendment gives people the right to express their religion openly and not be questioned about their beliefs. The former president, Harry Truman once stated that prayer â€Å"never hurt anybody and made good citizens out of them. † The First Amendment states that people can express their beliefs freely and openly anywhere that they want and that should include school as well.School prayer should be in the public school systems because of the Equal Access Act of 1984, prayer is an important part of America’s spiritual heritage and the First Amendment (Freedom of Speech). Even with all of the court cases in which judges have ruled that prayer in school is unconstitutional, students still form prayer groups. One of the reasons why prayer is removed from school is because people think that they will have to partake in that religion and it will dominate over all. But this is simply not true.No one is asking for people to change their belief s. Why is it a big issue for prayer to be in class when it is said in a number of school functions? Prayers are said at athletic games, to ensure safety and protection and at graduation ceremonies. How come this isn’t an issue? There a re a number of arguments that are for prayer in school: The Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals stated, â€Å"The belief and trust in a creator has always been regarded as an integral and inseparable part of the fabric of our fundamental institutions. Harry Truman said that prayer â€Å"never hurt anybody and made good citizens out of them. † Rep. James Traficant said, â€Å"A Congress that allows God to be banned from our schools while our schools can teach about cults, Hitler and even devil worship is wrong, out of touch and need some commonsense. † Prayer in school will increase tolerance in schools because children will be able to learn of different religions and how they are practiced. It will also bring to surface questio ns that Holmes children have about God and religion and allow them to search for their own belief system.Bringing prayer into schools will allow them to search for their own belief system. Bringing prayer into schools will also help reverse the moral degradation of this country. Prayer should be allowed in the public school system so that our children can start their day off in the right direction. Prayer Should Not be Allowed in the Public School System The public school system should not allow prayer into the public school system because it is against the idea of separation of church and state.The public schools are for education it is not a place where religion should be taught, that is what church is for. â€Å"Public schools can neither foster religion nor preclude it. Our public schools must treat religion with fairness and respect and vigorously protect religious expression as well as the freedom of conscience of all other students. In so doing our public schools reaffirm th e First Amendment and enrich the lives of their students† ( Secretary of Education Richard W. Riley June 1998 ).One must remember that in a public school system, these children are from all religion backgrounds, such as Baptist, Catholic, Quaker, Jewish, Muslim and atheist. â€Å"School sponsorship of a religious message is impermissible because it sends the ancillary message to members of the audience who are nonadherents that they are outsiders, not full members of the political community, and an accompanying message to adherents that they are insiders, favored members of the political community † (U.S. Supreme Court ruling, Santa Fe v. Doe, (2000). Public schools are supported by taxpayers and even they are of different beliefs, so therefore, the schools should be free from religious coercion. In the bible, it says that Jesus didn’t approve of outward prayer, â€Å"Thou shalt not be as the hypocrites ate: for they love to Holmes pray standing in synagogues an d in the corners of the streets that they may be seen of men.But thou, when thou prayest, enter into thy closet and when thou hast shut the door, pray to thy Father which is in secret† (Matthew 6:5-6). By allowing prayer into public schools violates the First Amendment which states that â€Å"congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (First Amendment of the Constitution).The Establishment Clause renders the government from endorsing or favoring religion or any form of religions expression and The Free Speech and Free Exercise Clauses requires that the government doesn’t trample on one’s opportunities to engage in expressive conduct. No one should be required to participate in prayer. The government does not have the right to make peo ple pray in school. Annie Laurie Gaylor quoted Thomas Jefferson in her article, The Case against School Prayer â€Å"No citizen shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever. People should not be subject to do anything they don’t believe in. Prayer should not be allowed in school because of church and state and the First Amendment. â€Å"To secure the people's right to acknowledge God according to the dictates of conscience: Neither the United States nor any State shall establish any official religion, but the people's right to pray and to recognize their religious beliefs, heritage, and traditions on public property, including schools, shall not be infringed.The United States and the States shall not compose school prayers, not require any person to join in prayer or other religious activity† (Congressperson Ernest Istook Proposed amendment to the U. S. Constitution). To have prayer in school is against the idea of sep aration of church and state. Holmes Public schools are for education not religion. â€Å"I'm a Catholic and I hope a devout one, but I think that the public school classroom is no place for me to try and impose my world formula for prayer on children who on't share it, and for that very reason, I don't want my children in a public school classroom to be exposed to someone else's religion or formula† (Senator Phillip A. Hart :Michigan). Every child should not have to say prayer in the classroom because not everyone believes in the same thing. Students that choose to pray are already given the ability to do so because they are given a moment of silence where the student can do anything he or she wants as long as the entire class is not involved.Students have a voluntary right to pray but people want it to be where a group can pray and that should not be allowed. By establishing prayer in the public school system, it will only cause more turmoil for our society. Ulysses Grant st arted in the President’s Speech at Des Moines â€Å"to leave the matter of religion to the family altar, the church, and the private schools, supported entirely by private contributions. Keep the church and state forever separate. School prayer should not be allowed in the schools because of the idea of separation of church and state and the First Amendment. Religion is private and these schools are neither private, which shows that they do nor mix. To bring the public schools builds walls between children who may have not been aware of some religious beliefs. The practice of prayer in school will create unnecessary divisions among children by making them aware of religious differences. Public schools are for everyone, no matter their religion.The practice if organized prayer in schools will invade the children’s right to an education that is free of the discrimination that organized prayer would encourage. When schools have prayer in class, it singles out the theolog y being taught. Forbidding prayer in schools does not discourage religion but instead it prevents offensive alienation of students who have viewpoints which conflict with the established religion. By allowing prayer in school, Holmes it will threaten what parents have already taught their children.It will be undermining what we teach our children about religion. We must protect ourselves against organized prayer by keeping coercive prayer out of our children’s schools. Work Cited Bill Jager, â€Å"Public School Prayer Creates Violence,† at: Holmes http://www. mindspring. com/~wjager/ Gaylor, Annie Laurie. The Case Aainst School Prayer. â€Å"Keep the Church and State Forever Separate. † Madison, Wisconsin: Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc. 1995 Matt Pyeatt. â€Å"Congressman Urges School Prayer Constitutional Amendment,† CNSNews. om, at: http://www. botcw. com/talk/ Religion and Prayer in U. S. Public Schools : www. religioustolerance. org The Holy B ible â€Å"New Tesatment† St. Matthew 6:5-6 The resolution was passed on 2001-NOV-7. The vote was 5 to 4. See: Gene Garman, â€Å"Lafayette School Board resolution on public prayer,† at: http:// www. sunnetworks. net/~ggarman/ The web site contains a point-by-point rebuttal. â€Å"Topic: Prayer in School,† AmarilloNet. com bulletin board at: http://www. amarillonet. com/ubb/Forum34/ Holmes

COM 200 Communication building a Relationship Essay

Communication is going to be the cornerstone of any relationship; trust is going to be the heart of what makes any relationship beat and overwhelming love will be how any relationship will last. Taking the opportunity to learn more in depth about your interpersonal relationship with yourself and your partner can strengthen a relationship; therefore, taking such opportunities should be looked upon as a rehabilitation tool or a hinder on what you need to possibly improve to make a relationship work. One feature that interferes with communication with anyone whom you want to have a conversation with is barriers. Barriers are typically the reason that communication falters between individuals; therefore, it’s important to have an understanding of the conversation and be a listener. A recent article from the website skillsyouneed.com.uk mentions â€Å"Barriers may lead to your message becoming distorted and you therefore risk wasting both time and/or money by causing confusion and misunderstanding.† Overcoming barriers involves effective communication, especially when barriers hinder conveying a clear and concise message. Being aware of language barriers, physical outside sources like noise to nonverbal communication can and will effect a conversation. Have you ever tried to hold a conversation with a friend or family member while in a crowded restaurant, that not only had screaming or crying children but adults yelling at a television that was mounted and playing a sports show such as an NFL game will in this establishment? Under those circumstances, it’s rather amazing that a conversation can be heard, let alone understood. Many people may rely on nonverbal communication during times like those via using mediated communication such as text messaging between one another. A downfall during media communication is that your true emotions cannot be correctly stated when they are read, but so many individuals rely on mediated communication devices instead of face-to-face time. Increase of media communication has benefitted the majority of society to keep in touch with their family members, â€Å"A majority of those surveyed (83%) considers going online to be a â€Å"helpful† form of communication among family members† (Connecting Generations (2012)). Another negative about media communication is how people portray themselves through such social networks like facebook, myspace to name a few. Unfortunately, our world is not a safe place, and thanks to pedophiles, neither are social networks. Even having the knowledge of barriers that are being conducted during your conversation does not mean the receiver acknowledges the sender’s message and is willing to participate with the conversation. Some individuals just have the lack of interest in the topic at hand and decide not to maintain communication between others. You need to make sure that each person has a desire to have a rappaport and animated feelings about the conversation or you could end up with receiving a lot of â€Å"Umm†, â€Å"Yea† or a head nod. The impact that our nonverbal communication can provide a conversation and enlighten someone to what is actually going through the other person’s mind can drive a conversation instead of just relying on the power of words. It can be the simplest nonverbal communication as holding hands will driving down the road, leaving a simple gesture as a flower or having someone just smile that can impact how your day may go or end. â€Å"The best communicators are sensitive to the power of the emotions and thoughts communicated nonverbally. Nonverbal communication is the single most powerful form of communication,† stated Susan Heathfield (2013). You don’t have to say any words for what you feel you need to gesture, it’ not always necessary too. Without realization of what you are doing with your body language, facial expressions or hand gestures, you are providing the other person your true thoughts and feeling without having to say a single word. It’s about being able to read an individual with your eyes instead of listening to how they are speaking to you. One of the most important emotions someone can provide you is the sense of touch: on the cheek to trace a tear, a hug for comfort or a kiss on your lips just because they were overwhelmed with the fact that they miss you. One experience I have found with nonverbal communication is the rolling of eyes during a conversation. It shows the lack of interest, platen disrespect to the person talking and how uneducated someone is in common courtesy. I have been experiencing this particular nonverbal disrespect in my line of work for years and I have noticed how my own children have started to pick it up with some of their peers. Needless to say, we have talked about it and we are trying to improve. Unless you learn how to curb your nonverbal communication, you are capable of being read like an open book; however, there are those that flaunt nonverbal communication which is read incorrectly leading to perception, which can hinder a relationship. Perception is one of the biggest evils when it comes to any type of relationship, friend or romantic, because it’s showing a lack of trust, which is the heart of any relationship. Without perception, I believe people wouldn’t have a way to gossip or speculate about what they don’t have a clue about. The only people that truly know what is going on is those directly involved in the situation at hand; therefore, perception is what others think and want others to believe about said relationship based of their gossipy words. Words have the magical capability to create and affect attitude, behavior or perception of an individual that is being looked at from the outside; therefore, communication and the builtment of trust before judgment would accommodate any relationship. Attitude in a relationship can hinder it, even if said attitude is not specifically coming from your intimate partner. Your attitude from work can continue until you are home, during a nice dinner with your significant other and cause a conflict that wasn’t present before. I recommend establishing a rule that allows each individual to vent about their day for a maximum of ten minutes, and then they can’t mention it anymore and must enjoy their family time. We realized this works great for all family members since it’s a controlled release of all of our emotions that is not directed to anyone specific. Nan Russell wrote in his article for JobsBankUSA, â€Å"Communication that builds trust is a dialogue, with a fountain built from integrity, forthrightness and honesty.† Without those three, you can’t build trust which results in the lack of communication and therefore, no relationship. Possessing integrity and never waiving from it shows that you have principles and you will do what is right at all times. If you waive from it, your forthrightness should be direct about what you did wrong, regardless of how petty it may seem to you, because it may mean everything to the other individual. Honesty is going to be what holds your relationship together; lies are never welcomed in any type of relationship. But you need to realize outside judgment may weight heavier with your significant other or your closest friends. Outside judgment of an individual can drastically affect their attitude, behavior and how they are perceived, not just from others, but how they see themselves; therefore, they seek communication with someone they trust. Nothing hurts more than unkind words, regardless if the person knows you personally or not. People don’t realize that some take what they hear about themselves literally, and some have taken to the bullying they have endured over the years by, unfortunately, taking their lives. Projecting a better attitude than what those people are saying shows that you are the bigger person and that you feel that regardless of what any one individual may say about you, you have your own best interest at heart, and perception doesn’t mean anything to you. Finding that someone that you can trust full heartedly is a task in itself. You let all your guard down when you are fully comfortable with an individual, hoping they are not judgmental about what they hear about your past and when you find the one that doesn’t perceive you how others may do, then you can realize that they won’t ask you to place your integrity into jeopardy and take your friends at face value, instead of placing them on the back burner. Lack of trust and communication can destroy friendships, families, marriages, jobs and romantic relationships; the things that people find to be the most important in their lives. Without trust in a friend, you will feel like they are just associates. Without trust in family, you will feel like an outsider when visiting for a family get-together. Lack of trust and communication in a marriage may result in a divorce. Lack of trust and communication in the job force could lead to unemployment or a death of a co-worker. Lack of communication in a romantic relationship could mean the end before it even began. Without knowing who you are as an individual, it may affect any type of relationship you have the desire for. With the understanding of your self-concept, you are able to appreciate yourself, how your partner sees you and vice versa; however, the opinion of how others see you may affect how you see yourself. There is nothing more appreciative then someone who is confident with who they are, as long as it does not come across as cocky. When an individual realizes who they are in this life, or who they want to be, it can be the driving force of their happiness, and happiness can be contagious. According to a quote in our textbook written by Sole (2011), â€Å"Your self-concept is learned, it is organized, it is dynamic and it is changeable (Purky, 1988).† Self-concept has been part of us since we were born; we were taught to respect ourselves and respect those that are older. It’s organized due to the understanding of how we approach who we want to be. Dynamic for the impact of how our own self-concept can change other’s opinions of themselves and of us and changeable because we simply don’t know what tomorrow will bring to our lives or take away. The environment that you decide to place yourself in is going to affect you as an individual. It will help mold you into the person you feel you are, build your self-esteem and self-image; you are interchangeable to provide adaption. Wherever and however you grew up in society does not mean you have to be the same later in life. Placing yourself in an environment that makes you happy, regardless if it’s your home or occupation, is going to affect who you are going turn out to be. It will assist you in some way of how you mold your life, but it’s up to you in how you end up getting molded. Having a high self-esteem can be the driving force of how you want the world to see you, and as a couple, having self-esteem as a unit is going to be how other couples want to be you. Self-image is the appreciation of yourself, how you carry your knowledge, confidence and maturity. Self-image is the impact of how others may see you, want to be you or feel threaten by you. Having a self-image that is threatening towards others can be the cause of many individuals not having the desire to converse with you, let alone be friends with you. The abilities we have to change assist us with any environmental adaption we may come across in our lifetime. We never know what type of situations we may be in five minutes from bow, but our self-esteem and self-image could mean the difference of how the circumstances may play out. Regardless, it’s how you want to see yourself and how you project yourself to the world. Even with the input of your partner, your family and friends, you are the one responsible for you; therefore, you need to figure out what makes you happy, take their opinions with a grain of salt and that you will change only when you feel it fits the situation. Making changes to your appearance, the way you talk or how you spend your time or money to impress someone isn’t going to win them over; therefore, you are making yourself miserable in the process when you can’t be your true self. When someone can’t accept you for who you are, what you do or how you act as a human being, that relationship may need reevaluated. When a family member or friend can’t understand why you behave the way you do, or come across as outspoken and confident, sit down and explain to them why you feel that certain way about the topic. Losing a family member or a dear friend over a few choice words or lack of understanding can be heart wrenching, so keep all forms of communication open without losing yourself in the mix of it all. Self-disclosure of each individual in a relationship, especially with your significant other, will help you reinforce what you thought about who you are as a couple and as yourself. Self-disclosure about what happened to you in your past that made you who you are today can be the most significant information to your partner, and have a better outcome then what you expected. How you want to purse a college degree, where you want to visit in the world or how many kids you want (adopted, fostered or natural) is some of the insight people are looking for when they decide to enter into a relationship. Holding back about how you may feel about situations that arise can be the uttermost biggest mistake when looking at any relationship you are trying to have in your life. Research study in 2010 by BMC Medical Research methodology found that â€Å"readiness for self-disclosure† was associated with higher relationship quality. Being able to disclose yourself by sharing your fears, doubts, private thoughts and how you perceive yourself can and will impact your relationship to the fullest extent. Who wouldn’t want someone to cling to when you come upon a fear? Nothing is better than having the comfort of someone’s arms around you when you need it most. To provide you words of encouragement when you start doubting yourself? Simply words can make the biggest impact when you feel that regardless of what you do, you are going to fail. Share your private thoughts with and knowing that they won’t be divulged regardless of the circumstances? Having that person you can tell any secret to, and know that it won’t be told, even under the worst circumstances, is one reason people have best friends from such a young age. Without self-disclosure, no one really knows who they are keeping company with or who they are. It’s the difference between a fake individual and a real friend. Without divulging information and hiding how you feel about any situation with your partner can be seen as breaking the trust in which your relationship was built, showing no care of how the other may feel and showing the lack of communication that could be built. Who would want to be with someone who simply broke your trust on a daily basis or showed the lack of caring about what you were discussing? I have found myself in these circumstances throughout my life. I have had a family member break my trust, communicated the most horrible words that could be spoken to a child and since have not communicated any words with that individual in over eighteen years. I have had the best partner in the world, who did everything in his power to bring a smile to my face, showed when I least expected it and showered me with hugs and kisses. He took his time to leave me notes on my door, made dinner arrangements at the weirdest locations and made the most beautiful impact in my life that I have actually compared others to him upon his death. I have raised a child that doesn’t communicate at all with his father, who doesn’t take the time to call his son or write a letter. Instead my child has the pleasure of communicating with his dad’s ex-girlfriend, has extended family that is not blood reach out to him and has realized at a tender age of eleven that not everyone is who they say they are or will be. He is lucky to have numerous people in his life that want to be a part of it. I have learned to remove myself from environments that impact my moods and attitude, learned to step back and appreciate my friends (regardless how few) and my family and come to realize that if a person doesn’t like me for being me, they don’t deserve to be part of my life or my children’s lives. May people have asked me why I have disconnected myself from so many, besides those that I work with, and I have come to explain to them that there is enough stress, unwanted drama in this world that I don’t want it in mine, and if they can respect that, they are more than welcome to remain in my life. I am trying to show my children that communication is a two way street, just like respect, and that both is needed to make our world a better place. There is no need to speak negatively about anyone they don’t know or towards one another, that action does speak louder than words at times and that regardless of any situation that they may come upon, I will be there. Enlightenment of any aspect of a relationship, regardless of if it’s with yourself or your significant other, can benefit either party with the knowledge that they may have been seeking or possibly feared. It’s about having the confidence of communication and understanding between two individuals that influences the lasting years between couples. â€Å"Love is to trust, hope and endure whatever may come (Bible).† References: Bible Heathfiled, Susan M. (2013). Listen with Your Eyes. Tips for Understanding Nonverbal Communication. Retrieved from: http://humanresources.about.com/od/interpersonalcommunicatio1/a/nonverbal_com.htm Russell, Nan (2006). Six Tips for Trust-Enhancing Communication. Retrieved from: http://www.jobbankusa.com/CareerArticles/Executive/ca111506b.html Schoenberg, Nara (2011, Jan). Can We Talk? Researcher Talks about the Role of Communication in Happy Marriages. Retrieved from: http://search.proquest.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/docview/840600645/fulltext/13CBA1F7DFE34D3C383/1?accountid=32521 Skillsyouneed.com.uk. Barriers to Effective Communication. Retrieved from: http://www.skillsyouneed.co.uk/IPS/Barriers_Communication.html Sole, K. (2011). Making Connections: Understanding Interpersonal Communications. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc.